Introduction
If you maintain an address form, shipping workflow, or CRM/ERP database, you’ll often need a reliable U.S. state and province dropdown list with the correct ISO or postal region codes (commonly the official two-letter abbreviations). Using standardized codes improves deliverability, reporting, fraud checks, and compatibility with carrier systems and address verification APIs.
This reference covers: U.S. states, the District of Columbia (DC), U.S. territories, USPS military “states,” and Canadian provinces/territories—plus practical address form best practices and validation examples.
External references: For official guidance, see USPS Addressing Standards (Publication 28) and Canada Post addressing guidelines.
TL;DR: Use official two-letter region codes, validate postal code formats by country, and treat DC/territories/military regions correctly for USPS and carriers.
Official postal abbreviations (quick copy table)
The table below lists official two-letter abbreviations used in forms and databases for U.S. states, DC, U.S. territories, USPS military “states,” and Canadian provinces/territories. These codes align with common shipping and USPS addressing standards.
| Name | Abbreviation | Country/Type |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | AL | United States (State) |
| Alaska | AK | United States (State) |
| Arizona | AZ | United States (State) |
| Arkansas | AR | United States (State) |
| California | CA | United States (State) |
| Colorado | CO | United States (State) |
| Connecticut | CT | United States (State) |
| Delaware | DE | United States (State) |
| Florida | FL | United States (State) |
| Georgia | GA | United States (State) |
| Hawaii | HI | United States (State) |
| Idaho | ID | United States (State) |
| Illinois | IL | United States (State) |
| Indiana | IN | United States (State) |
| Iowa | IA | United States (State) |
| Kansas | KS | United States (State) |
| Kentucky | KY | United States (State) |
| Louisiana | LA | United States (State) |
| Maine | ME | United States (State) |
| Maryland | MD | United States (State) |
| Massachusetts | MA | United States (State) |
| Michigan | MI | United States (State) |
| Minnesota | MN | United States (State) |
| Mississippi | MS | United States (State) |
| Missouri | MO | United States (State) |
| Montana | MT | United States (State) |
| Nebraska | NE | United States (State) |
| Nevada | NV | United States (State) |
| New Hampshire | NH | United States (State) |
| New Jersey | NJ | United States (State) |
| New Mexico | NM | United States (State) |
| New York | NY | United States (State) |
| North Carolina | NC | United States (State) |
| North Dakota | ND | United States (State) |
| Ohio | OH | United States (State) |
| Oklahoma | OK | United States (State) |
| Oregon | OR | United States (State) |
| Pennsylvania | PA | United States (State) |
| Rhode Island | RI | United States (State) |
| South Carolina | SC | United States (State) |
| South Dakota | SD | United States (State) |
| Tennessee | TN | United States (State) |
| Texas | TX | United States (State) |
| Utah | UT | United States (State) |
| Vermont | VT | United States (State) |
| Virginia | VA | United States (State) |
| Washington | WA | United States (State) |
| West Virginia | WV | United States (State) |
| Wisconsin | WI | United States (State) |
| Wyoming | WY | United States (State) |
| District of Columbia | DC | United States (Federal district; state-equivalent in many forms) |
| American Samoa | AS | U.S. Territory |
| Guam | GU | U.S. Territory |
| Northern Mariana Islands | MP | U.S. Territory |
| Puerto Rico | PR | U.S. Territory |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | VI | U.S. Territory |
| Federated States of Micronesia | FM | Sovereign (Free Association); USPS-supported |
| Marshall Islands | MH | Sovereign (Free Association); USPS-supported |
| Palau | PW | Sovereign (Free Association); USPS-supported |
| Armed Forces Americas (excluding Canada) | AA | USPS Military “State” |
| Armed Forces Europe (including Middle East, Africa, Canada) | AE | USPS Military “State” |
| Armed Forces Pacific | AP | USPS Military “State” |
| Alberta | AB | Canada (Province) |
| British Columbia | BC | Canada (Province) |
| Manitoba | MB | Canada (Province) |
| New Brunswick | NB | Canada (Province) |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | NL | Canada (Province) |
| Nova Scotia | NS | Canada (Province) |
| Ontario | ON | Canada (Province) |
| Prince Edward Island | PE | Canada (Province) |
| Quebec | QC | Canada (Province) |
| Saskatchewan | SK | Canada (Province) |
| Northwest Territories | NT | Canada (Territory) |
| Nunavut | NU | Canada (Territory) |
| Yukon | YT | Canada (Territory) |
TL;DR: This table is the copy/paste-friendly source for two-letter postal abbreviations across the U.S., DC, territories, USPS military regions, and Canada.
District of Columbia (DC): state-equivalent behavior in forms
Washington, D.C. is not a U.S. state politically, but it is treated as a state-equivalent in many address databases and shipping systems and uses the official abbreviation DC. In practice, DC should appear in the same “State” dropdown as the 50 states for maximum compatibility with carriers and address verification services.
TL;DR: Include DC in your “State” list and store it as DC (state-equivalent for addressing purposes).
U.S. territories and “free association” countries: political status vs. USPS postal treatment
Some regions are U.S. territories (e.g., Puerto Rico) and some are sovereign states in free association with the United States (the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau). The key implementation detail: regardless of political status, several of these places are treated like U.S. domestic addresses by USPS for formatting and often use U.S.-style ZIP Codes in mailing workflows.
- U.S. territories with USPS abbreviations: American Samoa (AS), Guam (GU), Northern Mariana Islands (MP), Puerto Rico (PR), U.S. Virgin Islands (VI).
- Freely Associated States (sovereign) that still use USPS-style addressing and ZIP Codes: Micronesia (FM), Marshall Islands (MH), Palau (PW).
For background, see USPS resources on address formatting in Publication 28 and U.S. government context on the Office of Insular Affairs (U.S. territories).
TL;DR: Political status differs, but several territories and Freely Associated States are USPS-supported and often use U.S.-style ZIP Codes—handle them as state-like options where required by your shipping stack.
USPS Armed Forces “states” (AA, AE, AP) for APO/FPO/DPO
For military and diplomatic mail, USPS uses special “state” codes in the region/state field alongside cities like APO (Army Post Office), FPO (Fleet Post Office), or DPO (Diplomatic Post Office). These are required for proper routing:
| USPS Region Name | Abbreviation | Coverage notes |
|---|---|---|
| Armed Forces Americas | AA | Americas (excluding Canada) |
| Armed Forces Europe | AE | Europe, Middle East, Africa, and Canada |
| Armed Forces Pacific | AP | Pacific region |
For formatting requirements, refer to USPS Publication 28: APO/FPO/DPO addressing.
TL;DR: Use AA/AE/AP in the state field for APO/FPO/DPO addresses, with USPS-compliant formatting to prevent routing errors.
Canadian provinces and territories (Canada-only list)
All entries in this section are in Canada and use Canadian postal codes (not U.S. ZIP Codes). For a clean UI, most “Country” → “Province/Territory” flows show these only after the user selects Canada.
| Province/Territory | Abbreviation | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Alberta | AB | Province |
| British Columbia | BC | Province |
| Manitoba | MB | Province |
| New Brunswick | NB | Province |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | NL | Province |
| Nova Scotia | NS | Province |
| Ontario | ON | Province |
| Prince Edward Island | PE | Province |
| Quebec | QC | Province |
| Saskatchewan | SK | Province |
| Northwest Territories | NT | Territory |
| Nunavut | NU | Territory |
| Yukon | YT | Territory |
For official postal addressing conventions, see Canada Post Addressing Guidelines.
TL;DR: Show Canadian provinces/territories only when Country=Canada, and store their official abbreviations (ON, QC, BC, etc.).
ZIP Code vs. postal code formats (with validation rule examples)
A ZIP Code (Zone Improvement Plan code) is the U.S. postal code format used by the United States Postal Service (USPS). A Canadian postal code is managed by Canada Post and uses an alphanumeric pattern.
- U.S. ZIP Code rule: 5 digits or 5+4 digits (ZIP+4), e.g.,
12345or12345-6789. Example regex:^d{5}(-d{4})?$ - Canadian postal code rule:
A1A 1A1pattern with an optional space, e.g.,K1A 0B1orK1A0B1. Example regex (simplified):^[A-Za-z]d[A-Za-z][ ]?d[A-Za-z]d$
Common pitfall for Canadian validation: many systems over-accept letters. In Canadian postal codes, the first position does not use the letters D, F, I, O, Q, U (among other rules). If you need strict validation, use a well-tested library or an address verification API rather than relying only on regex.
TL;DR: Validate by country: ZIP is numeric (5 or 9), Canadian postal codes are alphanumeric (A1A 1A1) and have letter restrictions.
Implementation guidance for developers and operations (dropdowns, validation, carriers)
To reduce checkout friction and improve deliverability, implement address form best practices that separate country selection from region selection and apply conditional rules.
Recommended field structure
- Country (e.g., US, CA) as a required field.
- Region as a required field that is conditional on country:
- If Country = United States: show “State/Territory” list including DC, territories, and (if you ship to them) AA/AE/AP for APO/FPO/DPO.
- If Country = Canada: show Canada provinces/territories only.
- Postal code as a required field with country-specific validation (ZIP vs postal code).
Dropdown and storage best practices
- Store both display name and code (e.g., “California” + “CA”) to support UI clarity and database consistency.
- Prefer a dropdown (controlled vocabulary) over free text for “State/Province” to reduce carrier label errors and API mismatches.
- For APO/FPO/DPO support: allow city values APO/FPO/DPO and require region code AA/AE/AP plus a valid ZIP Code.
Carrier/API compatibility notes
- Most major carriers and verification providers expect official abbreviations; aligning with USPS/Canada Post standards reduces “invalid state/province” errors.
- If you integrate address verification, confirm whether the provider expects:
- two-letter region codes (CA, NY, ON),
- or full names (“California”, “Ontario”),
- and whether it returns standardized casing/formatting.
Useful references for implementation and normalization:
USPS Publication 28,
Canada Post guidelines,
and for broader “country subdivision codes” context, ISO 3166 country and subdivision standards.
TL;DR: Use separate Country + Region fields, drive region dropdown options by country, validate postal codes conditionally, and include AA/AE/AP for military addresses when applicable.
Concluding implementation checklist
- Use a required Country field and a country-dependent Region dropdown (U.S. states + DC + territories; Canada provinces/territories).
- Store official two-letter postal region codes (e.g., CA, PR, DC, ON, QC) alongside display names.
- Apply conditional postal code validation: ZIP (
12345or12345-6789) vs Canadian postal code (A1A 1A1with letter rules). - Support military shipping by allowing APO/FPO/DPO with region codes AA/AE/AP.
- Test with carriers and your address verification provider to ensure the same code set is accepted end-to-end.
TL;DR: Separate fields, standardize codes, validate by country, include military options, and test against carriers/APIs.
FAQ
Q: What should I include in a U.S. state and province dropdown list for eCommerce checkout?
A: Use a Country field first, then show a Region dropdown. For the U.S., include the 50 states plus DC and relevant territories; for Canada, show provinces/territories only. Store the official two-letter codes (e.g., CA, NY, PR, ON, QC) to maximize compatibility with carriers and address verification APIs.
Q: Is Washington, D.C. a state in address forms?
A: Politically, no—but for postal and form implementation, DC is commonly treated as a state-equivalent and should appear in the State dropdown with abbreviation DC so shipping systems and databases accept it.
Q: Why do Micronesia (FM), Marshall Islands (MH), and Palau (PW) look like U.S. addresses in some systems?
A: They are sovereign states in free association with the U.S., but USPS provides mail service and they use U.S.-style ZIP Codes and two-letter abbreviations (FM, MH, PW). That’s why many shipping and address-validation workflows treat them similarly to U.S. domestic regions.
Q: What are AA, AE, and AP, and when should my form allow them?
A: AA, AE, and AP are USPS military region codes used with APO/FPO/DPO addresses. Allow them when you support military or diplomatic mail: AA (Americas excluding Canada), AE (Europe including Middle East/Africa/Canada), AP (Pacific).
Q: What validation rules should I use for ZIP Codes vs Canadian postal codes?
A: For the U.S., accept 5 digits or ZIP+4 (e.g., 12345 or 12345-6789). For Canada, accept an A1A 1A1 pattern with optional space, and avoid overly-permissive letter rules (for example, the first position does not use D, F, I, O, Q, U). For best accuracy, combine format checks with an address verification API.
